good diabetic doctors in bangalore Diabetic nephropathy's main effects involve progressive kidney damage, leading to protein in urine (proteinuria), swelling (edema) in legs/feet, high blood pressure (hypertension), fatigue, foamy urine, and worsening kidney function (GFR decline), eventually causing severe complications like anemia, bone disorders, heart disease, stroke, and end-stage kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant.