good cardiac doctors in bangalore A cardiac MI, or myocardial infarction, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, causing that tissue to be damaged or die. It's commonly known as a heart attack, and it's often caused by atherosclerosis (plaque buildup) in the coronary arteries, leading to a blood clot that obstructs blood flow. Symptoms include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, and nausea, and urgent treatment to restore blood flow is critical for survival and to prevent further heart muscle damage. Causes Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis: The primary cause is the buildup of plaque in coronary arteries, which can crack or rupture, leading to a blood clot (thrombus) that completely blocks blood flow. Other Factors: Less common causes include coronary artery embolism, cocaine use, coronary artery dissection, and coronary vasospasm. Symptoms Symptoms can vary, and some heart attacks may go undetected. Common symptoms include: Chest Pain: A feeling of pressure, tightness, or aching in the chest that may spread to the arm, back, neck, jaw, or stomach. Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling winded. Nausea and Indigestion: Stomach discomfort that may be mistaken for indigestion. Cold Sweats: Breaking out in a cold sweat. Lightheadedness or Dizziness: Feeling faint or suddenly dizzy. Fatigue: Unusual tiredness. Diagnosis Diagnosis is confirmed by meeting two of the following criteria: Symptoms of ischemia (lack of oxygen to the heart muscle). New ST-segment changes or a left bundle branch block (LBBB) on an ECG. Presence of pathological Q waves on an ECG. Imaging studies showing new regional wall motion abnormalities. Presence of an intracoronary thrombus at autopsy or angiography.