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CARDIOLOGY DOCTORS IN BANNERGHTTA ROAD ST elevation myocardial infarction Modern treatment of myocardial infarction has made a profound difference to the prognosis of this life-threatening condition. Before the introduction of CCUs, the expected in-hospital mortality of this condition was more than 20%. Monitoring and treatment of arrhythmias, and correction of biochemical and, where possible, haemodynamic complications in CCUs reduced this to about 12%. The ‘thrombolytic era’, which began with the publication of the results of the GISSI Trial, 31 has dramatically changed the approach to the management of infarction. The use of thrombolytic drugs (streptokinase in GISSI) reduced mortality to less than 10%, with greater benefit for those treated early.32 The addition of aspirin in later trials reduced mortality to about 7% and many CCUs now achieve mortality rates of 5 or 6%. There is no doubt that early treatment makes the greatest difference, but some benefit may be seen with treatment given up to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms of infarction. In centres where it can be performed primary angioplasty is the reperfusion treatment of choice for myocardial infarction. This is a grade A recommendation—level I evidence.33 Mortality rates below 5% can be achieved. The rationale for reperfusion treatment came with the realisation that infarction was caused by thrombosis within a coronary artery (a mechanism first proposed by Herrick in 191234) and that restoring blood flow before irreversible damage had occurred would be helpful. It has been known for a long time that the prognosis following myocardial infarction depends more than anything else on the amount of left ventricular damage that has occurred. For these reasons the early diagnosis of infarction has become very important. Patients with symptoms suggestive of infarction should have an ECG performed as soon as possible. If nondiagnostic changes are present, the tracing should be repeated frequently so that appropriate early decisions about treatment can be made if changes appear. The current ECG criteria for the use of reperfusion treatment (primary angioplasty